What Causes Dark Spots on the Face? Expert Advice by Leading Dermatologist of Chandigarh, Dr. Sheenam, Skinology+ Clinic

Dark spots on the face—also known as hyperpigmentation—are a common concern for many people, especially those with Indian skin tones. Whether they appear due to sun exposure, acne scars, aging, or hormonal changes, these stubborn patches of pigmentation can be frustrating to deal with.

At Skinology+ Clinic, Chandigarh, we frequently treat patients struggling with dark spots, melasma, and uneven skin tone. The good news? With the right knowledge and skincare approach, these pigmentation issues can be effectively managed.

In this blog, we’ll explain the main causes of dark spots, how to prevent them, and the best treatments to restore clear, glowing skin.

Understanding Dark Spots: Why Do They Happen?

Dark spots occur when melanin (the pigment responsible for skin color) is produced in excess. This can be triggered by various factors, leading to uneven patches or spots on the skin.

Sun Exposure (UV-Induced Hyperpigmentation)

How it Happens: The1 cause of dark spots is excessive sun exposure. When your skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays, it produces more melanin as a defense mechanism. Over time, this leads to sunspots (solar lentigines) and tanning-related pigmentation.

Prevention:

• Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 50+) daily.
• Reapply sunscreen every 2-3 hours, especially if outdoors.
• Use hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing when in direct sunlight.

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) from Acne & Skin Trauma

How it Happens: If you've ever noticed dark spots left behind after a pimple, injury, or skin irritation, you’ve experienced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Indian skin is more prone to PIH because melanin production increases after inflammation.

Prevention & Treatment:

• Avoid picking or popping pimples to prevent further pigmentation.
• Use Niacinamide & Alpha Arbutin to fade marks faster.
• Apply Salicylic Acid or Retinol to treat acne and prevent future breakouts.

Melasma (Hormonal Hyperpigmentation)

How it Happens: Melasma appears as brown or gray patches, often on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It is triggered by hormonal changes due to:

• Pregnancy ("pregnancy mask")
• Birth control pills
• Thyroid imbalances

Melasma is more common in women and worsens with sun exposure.

Prevention & Treatment:

• Use Zinc-based sunscreen daily (melasma worsens with UV rays).
• Topical treatments like Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid, or Tranexamic Acid can help.
• In-clinic treatments like Chemical Peels and Laser Therapy work for stubborn melasma.

Aging & Liver Spots (Age-Related Pigmentation)

How it Happens: As we age, sun damage accumulates, leading to brown spots known as age spots or liver spots. These usually appear on sun-exposed areas like the face, hands, and neck.

Prevention & Treatment:

• Use Retinol or Vitamin C to boost skin renewal.
• Regular exfoliation with AHAs (Glycolic Acid) can help fade spots.
• Laser treatments like Q-switched laser therapy can remove age spots effectively.

Genetic & Ethnic Factors

How it Happens: Some people are genetically prone to pigmentation issues. Indian and darker skin tones naturally have higher melanin production, which means they are more likely to develop hyperpigmentation from sun exposure, acne, and inflammation.

Prevention & Treatment:

• Use daily sunscreen (melanin-producing skin burns slower but pigments faster).
• Stick to a brightening skincare routine with Vitamin C, Niacinamide, and AHAs.

How to Prevent & Treat Dark Spots: Expert-Recommended Skincare Routine

Morning Routine (Sun Protection & Brightening)

• Cleanser – Gentle, non-stripping cleanser (avoid harsh scrubs)
• Vitamin C Serum – Fights pigmentation and prevents sun damage
• Niacinamide or Alpha Arbutin Serum – Reduces dark spots and evens skin tone
• Moisturizer – Hydrates and protects skin barrier
• Sunscreen (SPF 50+) – Essential for preventing pigmentation from worsening

Night Routine (Repair & Regeneration)

• Double Cleansing – Removes dirt, makeup, and sunscreen
• Exfoliation (2-3 times a week) – Glycolic Acid or Lactic Acid to remove dead skin
• Retinol Serum (2-3 times a week) – Speeds up skin renewal and fades pigmentation
• Niacinamide or Alpha Arbutin – Helps lighten dark spots
• Moisturizer – Restores hydration and repairs skin

Professional Treatments for Stubborn Dark Spots

If home remedies and over-the-counter products aren’t enough, consider dermatologist-approved treatments at Skinology+ Clinic:

• Chemical Peels – Glycolic Acid, TCA, or Salicylic Acid peels for faster skin renewal
• Laser Treatments (Q-Switched or Pico Laser) – Breaks down excess melanin
• Microneedling with PRP (Vampire Facial) – Boosts collagen & treats hyperpigmentation
• Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy – Helps fade brown spots and sun damage

Final Thoughts: Clear, Even-Toned Skin is Possible!

Dark spots don’t have to be permanent! With the right skincare routine, sun protection, and dermatologist-recommended treatments, you can achieve brighter, clearer skin.

At Skinology+ Clinic, Chandigarh, we offer personalized skin consultations and advanced pigmentation treatments to help you regain your natural glow.

Book an appointment today to start your journey to spotless skin!

Say goodbye to dark spots & hello to radiant skin!